In this paper, we introduce the concept of stabilizers of a set in UP-algebras and introduce a new class of UP-algebras. Then we introduce and study their properties and the relationships between the left and right stabilizers of a set in UP-algebras and provide equivalent conditions for easier and faster study of new UP-algebras. We also show that, by adding a condition, the left stabilizer of a set is a UP-filter, while the right stabilizer of a set is not. In the following, we define the concepts of coatom and strong coatom on UP-algebras and examine its properties. In addition, we provide equivalent conditions for easier study of coatoms in UP-algebras. We show that for a UP-algebra A, Coatom (A)=A-{0} if and only if each subset of A contains 0, is a UP-filter of A. We also examine the relationship between coatoms and stabilizers. Finally, we introduce the generalized co-annihilator set G relative to F and study its properties.

Introduction: 10 to 15 percent of the couples are infertile .In this respect, the use of assisted fertilization techniques is inevitable for those who do not respond to pharmacological treatments. Swim-up is one of those techniques that may improve the sperm quality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of swim-up technique on the motion, density and morphology of sperm.Materials and Methods: This is an analytic- experimental study conducted on 345 semen samples of patients who referred to Navin Infertility Center for Intra Uterine Fertilization. The number, motility and morphology of sperm were evaluated both before and after administrating the technique of swim-up. The data were then analyzed using SPSS, version11. The statistical techniques of paired t-test, independent two sample T-test and ANOVA revealed the results.Results: The mean of sperm count decreased significantly after using the swim-up technique (48/14×106) versus before the swim up (55/92×106). As for the mean of sperm motility, it was estimated as 55/6% before administrating the technique of swim-up, which increased to 92/3% after the swim-up. The results indicate that swim up led to the improvement of sperm motility of grade A on a scale of 22/11±7/40 unit.Conclusion: After doing the swim-up technique, the normal morphology, motility and grading of sperm improve significantly.

Abstract : In this paper, we investigate FRAMEs and g-FRAMEs and show that constructs the direct sum of FRAMEs for a finite number of FRAMEs. also, We show under what condition it becomes g-FRAMEs to T *−g-FRAMEs. Finally, we generalize Sun ’s theorem to Parseval FRAMEs.

Introduction: Fire and explosion are major hazards in hospital environments. The use of fire risk assessment methods is essential for preventing and managing these risks. The design of specialized software also plays a significant role in improving the accuracy and speed of assessments. This study aimed to assess fire risk in a hospital using the FRAME technique. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the Alborz University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Using the FRAME technique, three different fire risk modes were calculated separately for the building, contents, people, and activities inside the building (before and after the fire control measures). The required data was collected through field investigation, hospital documentation, parameter measurements, monitoring questionnaires, and checklists and calculated with the Excel software. Results: The findings of the study revealed a significant reduction in fire risk associated with buildings and their contents, with the average risk level decreasing from 0. 21 prior to the implementation of control measures to a markedly lower level of 0. 05 following these interventions. This substantial drop underscores the effectiveness of the control measures in mitigating potential hazards related to fire incidents. Conclusion: This study shows that the highest fire risk is mainly related to human factors, which emphasizes the critical need for targeted interventions. To effectively mitigate these risks, implementing automatic fire detection and suppression systems is not only recommended, but essential to protect life and property in healthcare environments. In addition, robust fire safety training to hospital staff is essential to increase their preparedness and ability to respond in an emergency.

In criminal law, entrapment is a practice whereby a law enforcement agent induces a person to commit a criminal offense that the person would have otherwise been unlikely to commit. It is a type of conduct that is generally frowned upon, and thus in many jurisdictions is a possible defense against criminal liability.Depending on the law in the jurisdiction, the prosecution may be required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was not entrapped or the defendant may be required to prove that they were entrapped as an affirmative defense.The entrapment defense in the United States has evolved mainly through case law. Two competing tests exist for determining whether entrapment has taken place, known as the “subjective” and “objective” tests. The “subjective” test looks at the defendant's state of mind; entrapment can be claimed if the defendant had no “predisposition” to commit the crime. The “objective” test looks instead at the government's conduct; entrapment occurs when the actions of government officers would usually have caused a normally law-abiding person to commit a crime.

Introduction: With regard to an increase in use of modern communication technologies including mobile facilities and their application in learning and training, taking quality and users’ needs into account is a fundamental matter. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the factors influencing mobile learning from the perspective of M.S. and Ph.D. medical sciences students studying at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences based on FRAME model.Methods: In this descriptive study, the sample included 150 graduates M.Sc. and Ph.D. students of allied health medicine (Nursing, Midwifery and Hygiene fields) in Esfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2013 that were selected through stratified random sampling. Data gathering tool was researcher-made questionnaire including 29 questions based on FRAME model. Face and content validity of the tool was confirmed and the reliability of internal consistency index (Cronbach’s Alpha) was 0.84 and finally we used descriptive statistics for data analysis.Results: The results showed that in learner component, the highest mean (3.85±1.08) related to learner' attitude towards mobile phone as a learning tool. In social component, the highest mean (3.24±1.04) belonged to the use of mobile phones for interaction with classmates. In interaction learning component, the highest mean (2.48±0.97) related to use of this device for transfer of ideas and information with other learners. In the usability of the device component, the highest mean (3.37±1.46) related to the use of cell phones for educational and research activities throughout the day. In social technology component, the highest mean (3.90±0.92) related to the use of electronic books in education. Finally in tool component, the results showed that learners prefer a flat touch screen mobile phone with high processing speed and having more than 3 GB memory in average size.Conclusion: With regard to the obtained results, designers of M-learning tools should take the users’ preferences into account and produce those tools, maximizing the efficacy of such learning type.

Background and Aim: Hospitals are One of the vital and sensitive places as well as practical that maintaining their function in normal conditions and in times of crisis is one of the biggest concerns of health system managers. By using the principles of fire safety, hospitals' vulnerability can be reduced. Fire is one of the risks that can lead to many human and financial losses as well as disruption of hospital performance. Fire risk assessment is a more effective way to assess the vulnerability, capacity and capability of the hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of fire in one of the hospitals in Tehran to analyze the vulnerability of these uses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by using the Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineers (FRAME) in the hospital building of a military hospital. Fire risk was calculated using the formulas of the mentioned method in EXCEL software. Factors influencing the level of risk obtained were identified and evaluated. Results: The level of fire risk for residents in all units was higher than one. Level factor, fire load factor and normal protection factor were identified as effective factors that result in the existing fire risk level. Conclusion: The numerical value of the risk for the residents was at an unfavorable level. The results of this study showed that the use of FRAME method in assessing the risk of health facilities such as hospitals, by determining the strengths and weaknesses of the assessed locations, the possibility of identifying effective factors to predict and prevent accidents and maintain the performance of these centers at times. Be sensitive to such manmade or natural emergencies.

Background: Patients who begin endodontic therapy may experience pain or swelling during therapy or after obturation of root canal system (flare –up). The causes of flare-up phenomena are numerous and often multi factorial. The goal of this study is to examine the incidence of flare – up and its connection with variables such as pulp and periapical conditions, the type of treatment, the number appointment and the tooth groups under treatment.Methods and materials: In this study 1168 patients were selected from among the patients referring for treatment to the endodontics ward of Zahedan faculty of Dentistry. At each visit information was obtained on each patient as to their demographics, presenting signs, symptoms and diagnosis and then treatment performed. After complete of the appropriate forms the data were analyzed with the chi-square statistical method.Results: The results of the study indicate the incidence of flare – up to be 3.2%، with a significant relationship between the incidence of flare – up and the pulp and periapical conditions (P<0.05) and no significant relationship between incidence of flare – up and the type of treatment performed, the number of treatment appointment and the type of tooth (P>0.05). Conclusions: Because bacteria are the source of pulpal and periapical infection, eliminating of bacteria is necessary for resolve of signs and symptoms of flare-up.